• Finding #4: Breakthroughs in technology in the next century will not be primarily from within industries & fields of thought,
           but Between the Fields of Thought.

When asked where then new innovations would come from, most people concurred that a shift had occurred in the source of new innovation in the last decade. Where formerly innovation tended to come from inside a specific field of learning, usually aligned with a university department (e.g. Engineering, Biology, Chemistry, etc), new innovation is now being generated by cross connecting and networking across differing and multiple fields of endeavor. 

• Implications
• A world where innovation is trans-field means the managers of innovation must be integrators, (a new skill set), and have the ability to talk the different technologies.
• Differing specializations require a deep understanding of professional cultural differences, thought patterns, and specialized analytical processes -- no easy task.

• Evidence: (Sometimes called Convergence or Technology Hybridization)
•  Computers and Biotech = Genomics
•  Data Systems and Biotech = Bioinformatics
•  Chemicals and Biotech = Chemogenomics
• Telecomm and Computing = Internet
• Automobiles and Defense Electronics = GPS
• Other Examples
•  Internet and Home Construction
• Teaching and Computing